THE IMPORTANT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AREAS PRONE TO USER ROAD ACCIDENT BASED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
I
Dewa Gede Tantara Tesa Putra
Taruna DIV Manajemen Keselamatan
Transportasi Jalan
Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi
Jalan
Jl. Semeru No. 3 Tegal
Telp. 081902565904
Abstract
Problems
Safety Traffic is an issue that is very important to note, given the magnitude
of deaths caused by traffic accidents and damages arising from traffic
accidents. In
Indonesia alone, according to data obtained from the Police Department, there
are 30 people per day die from traffic accidents lintas.atau in other words,
every year 10,000 people died in 13,000 cases have been traffic accidents.
Sragen is the border of Central Java, East Java and many vehicles to drive
inter-city inter-provincial cross both heavy vehicles and light vehicles. Based
on the analysis and discussion that has been done it could be concluded as
follows accident-prone location determination is known that the point of the
accident-prone locations on roads Sragen is at 2,716 km near Harmony, at km
3.508 next intersection Post Offices and at km 4.327 near Bank BNI. The
compilation of the database point of the accident-prone locations can
facilitate updating the data, process and analyze the data so that it helps the
policy holder to take steps to dealing with the point of the accident-prone
locations. The identification of the point of the accident-prone locations that
were examined, the handling can be done is to equip facilities road equipment
includes street lighting (PJU), intersection warning signs, speed limit signs
and signs for restrictions to stop.
Keywords:
Bina Marga Method, Blackspot,
Geografis Information Sistem
INTRODUCTION
Problems Safety Traffic is an issue that is
very important to note, given the magnitude of deaths caused by traffic
accidents and damages arising from traffic accidents. Traffic accidents
according to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2009 on Traffic and
Road Transport is an event in the unanticipated and unintended involve vehicles
with or without other road users which resulted in human casualties and / or
loss of property. Traffic accidents are one of the biggest social problems in
the world especially in developing countries. Developing countries accident
rate can be 20 times higher than developed countries. In fact, according to the
WHO, Kecelelakaan traffic is one of the leading causes of death in the world
and is predicted to be ranked 5th in 2030 if not addressed immediately. For
Southeast Asia, the World Health Organization (WHO) states that every hour
there were about 34 people died in an accident on the highway. The costs
resulting from accidents in Southeast Asia is expected to reach 14 billion US
dollars. WHO predicts that, in the next two decades, this number will increase
144 percent, and became the highest in the region of WHO.
In
Indonesia alone, according to data obtained from the Police Department, there
are 30 people per day die from traffic accidents in other words, every year
10,000 people died in 13,000 cases have been traffic accidents. The high death
toll and injuries have led to losses of about Rp 660 million. In fact, the
economic losses due to reduced productivity as a result of 13 399 cases of
traffic accidents in 2003, is estimated to reach Rp. 85.8 billion.
Sragen
is the border of Central Java, East Java and many vehicles to drive inter-city
inter-provincial cross both heavy vehicles and light vehicles. Geographically
road which is the Sragen Sragen regency, located in the eastern part of the
city of Solo, and is an area of considerable potential on the movement of
traffic flow. As a consequence of these circumstances, the movement of traffic
on roads Sragen from year to year has increased. With the increasing activities
of daily activities - the public will have an impact on driving activities that
will result in the high incidence of traffic accidents that occur on these
roads.
According
to the traffic accident data from Sragen Police in 2014 recorded the number of
occurrences of traffic accidents with 717 victims died as many as 99 victims,
26 victims of severe injuries, minor injuries as much as 711 casualties and
material losses reached Rp. 492,500,000.00. As for the roads included in
Blacksite Sragen rank 3 and the carrying amount of the incidence of traffic
accidents in 2014 were 98 victims died at 17, had severe injuries and 21 minor
injuries as much as 67. It is therefore necessary to attempt to reduce the
number of accidents, as an initial step necessary to determine accident prone
points (black spot).
Determination
of the accident-prone areas should ideally take into account historical data
(Agus, 2011). There is currently no systematic data points prone to accidents
(blackspot) in Sragen Sragen especially roads. Therefore, it needs to be made
database to facilitate information retrieval accident accident-prone locations.
The database-based Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely used in
facilitating the performance of the policy holder. Based on this it is
necessary Design and build information retrieval accident-prone location-based
Geographic Information System so that road users can know which areas are
potentially lead to accidents.
LITERATURE
REVIEW
Understanding
Accident
Traffic
accidents according to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2009 on
Road Traffic and Transport chapter 1 verse 24 is an event in the unanticipated
and unintended involve vehicles with or without other road users which resulted
in human casualties and / or loss of property.
Indonesian
Government Regulation No. 43 of 1993 Article 93 paragraph (1) of the
Infrastructure and Road Traffic states that a traffic accident is an event in
the way that unexpected and unintentional involve vehicles with or without
other road users, resulting in human casualties or loss of property.
Accident
Prone Locations
Location
or site are certain areas that include meeting roads, access points and roads
are short. By length seemed prone to accidents (hazardous sites) can be grouped
into two (Agus, 2011), namely:
a. Black site / section
is a road traffic accident-prone.
b. Black spot is a
point on the road prone to traffic accidents (0.03 kilometer up to 1.0
kilometers).
Database
(Data Base)
Data
is a set of symbols organized and represented / represents an object or
objects. While that is a data base or data base is a combination of some of the
data that is processed and organized in such a way, so we get a relationship or
the relationship between the data and can be used simultaneously by several
users of the application.
The
database is needed because the data can be translated into an application
program, compared to data obtained or processed separately respectively.
Comprehensive access control and manipulation of data can be performed by an
application program. A database can be generated or maintained in either manual
or computerized.
Geographic
Information Systems
Geographic
Information Systems (GIS abbreviated as Geographic Information System) is a
specialized information system that manages data having spatial information
(spatial berefrensi). Or in a more narrow sense, is a computer system that has
the ability to build, store, manage and display berefrensi geographic
information, such as data identified according to location, in a database. The
practitioners also includes people who build and operate and the data as part
of this system (pelagic, 2011).
Geodatabase
A
geodatabase is a database management system that contains a collection of
spatial data that represents geographic innformasi, from the data model
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are common such as raster, topology, and
other networks (pelagic, 2011). Geodatabase feature class consisting of (spatial)
and the table (non-spatial). Feature classes in a geodatabase can be either a
single feature or individuals and is structured as feature datasets. Sub-system
is run in ArcCatalog.
RESEARCH
METHODS
Research
sites
Sragen
lies between 110 045 '- 111 010' east longitude and 7015 '- 7030' south
latitude. The area of Sragen is 941.55 km2 with the boundaries of Sragen
regency is north Grobogan, south of Karanganyar, west Boyolali and east Ngawi.
Sragen is geographically located on the main route Solo - Surabaya. This
district is the main gate east of Central Java Province, directly adjacent to
the East Java province.
Design
Research Process
From
the design of the research process created a flowchart to illustrate the stages
of what is being done in this study. Figure flowchart can be seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Flow Chart.
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
Siting
Accident Prone
Stages
performed on Weighting Method Highways (Nurmala, 2009):
a.
Make tabulation of accidents per km
Accident
data sorted by kilometer smallest to the greatest kilometers.
b.
Make tabulation weighting Highways per
road segment
Tabulation
weighting of Highways made by giving points based on the level of fatality
victims, where the victim died by points 10, seriously injured by 5 points, and
the last minor injuries were given points 1. The weighting is given based
fatality accident victims occurs at an accident scene in an event means that if
there are victims died as one, and two minor injuries then the event will be
given 10 points, in this case only the victim died just seen while minor
injuries ignored.
c.
Make a weighting diagram of Highways per
road segment
Weighting
diagram of Highways per road segment is a combination of a number of points of
Highways and road segments are divided per km.
d.
Determining Accident Prone Area
Of
weighting diagram of Highways per segment further road accident-prone locations
to be determined which is the location with the greatest weight. Incident
location data represented by the data km initial and final km, as well as the
number of victims that includes the victim died of severe injuries, and the
victim died as shown in the following table:
Table
1.
Data Accident in Sragen 2014
Furthermore, the weighting is based on the severity of the victim as shown the table below:
Table 2. Weighting Based on Severity Victims in Sragen 2014
From the data weighting based on the severity of victims are shown in Table 2 next graphed as shown drawing the graph below:
Figure 2.
Diagram Weight Per Cut Road Accidents
From the results of this weighting
can be concluded that the black spots on roads Sragen, there is at 3 points,
namely Cut Road 3 (km 2-3), cut the road 4 (km 3-4) and cut the road 5 (km
4-5), p this is because these sites have a high accident weight than the other
sites. Furthermore Based on the weighting of black spots, will be identified by
conducting surveys directly to the site of the accident-prone, the survey was
conducted on the survey inventory of the location of the accident-prone, as
well as interviews with local residents in order to obtain the location of the
accident-prone more specific in order to do the handling of point-prone
locations accident.
Accident Prone Location Identification Point
Highway Sragen is one of secondary arterial roads in Sragen the effective width of 14 meters, traffic flow system with 4 lanes 2 lanes without a median (4/2 UD), and a path length of 8.6 kilometers. On the roads there Sragen potentially accident-prone locations including the km 2 - km 3 km 3 -4 and km 4 - 5 km.
Figure 3. Roads Sragen
As a result of the identification
of locations of the accident-prone is at km 2-km 3 (km 2.716), km 3-km 4 (km
3.508), at km 4-km 5 (km 4.327) with descriptions for accidents that often
occur are as following:
a.
At 2,716 km that is near Harmony
occurred 6 accidents by type of accident collision dominated by front - side
and front - back to the time the accident occurred predominantly at night and
early morning. While the perpetrator of the accident involving a motorcycle
with buses, trucks to buses, cars to trucks.
b.
At km 3.508 which was signalized
intersection in front of the post office happened 11 accidents by type of
accident collision dominated by front - side, by the time the accident occurred
predominantly in the morning and afternoon. While the perpetrator of the
accident involving a motorcycle with a motorcycle and a car with a motorcycle.
c.
At km 4.327 is near Bank BNI happened
five accidents by type of accident collision dominated by front - side and
front - the front, by the time the accident occurred predominantly in the
morning and afternoon. While the perpetrator of the accident involving a
motorcycle with a motorcycle, a motorcycle with a car.
Figure 4. Map Point Location Accident Prone Roads in Sragen
Based on the description of the
accident that occurred most frequently at km 3.508 namely at the intersection
is not signalized depann three Post Offices, therefore blackspot locations were
selected to look for the solution masalan and the proposed handling of the
accident-prone locations.
Results Presentation Accident Prone Point Display and Display-Based GIS Database
The image below is the result of the appearance of the display system design and preparation of database applications at the point of the accident-prone locations based Geographical Information System with a view layer uses HTML popup and display of the compilation of the database by using geodatabase that are in accordance with the testing system.
Figure 5.
Display Presentation Existing Condition and display Point Location Database
Accident Prone In Harmony
Figure 5 is the result of the
appearance of the application system design and preparation of the database at
the point of the accident-prone locations based Geographical Information System
with a view layer uses HTML popup and display of the compilation of the
database by using geodatabase at the point of the accident-prone locations 111
010 732 Harmony at coordinates X and Y coordinates -7,429,551.
Figure 6. Display Presentation Existing Condition and View Point Location Database Home Accident Prone Post Offices
Figure 6 is the result of the appearance of the application
system design and preparation of the database at the point of the
accident-prone locations Home Post office-based Geographic Information System
with a view layer uses HTML popup and display of the compilation of the
database by using geodatabase at the point of the accident-prone locations 111
047 680 and the X coordinate Kpada Y coordinates -7,428,141.
Figure 7. Presentation and Display Database Existing Condition Point Location Near Bank BNI Accident Prone
Figure 7 is the result of the appearance of the application system design and preparation of the database at the point of the accident-prone locations nearby Bank BNI-based Geographic Information System with a view layer uses HTML popup and display of the compilation of the database by using geodatabase at the point of the accident-prone locations on the X coordinate 111 026 124 Harmony and Y coordinates -7.42667 million.
Results Presentation of Proposed Placement of signs Based Geographic Information System
The figure below illustrates the results of the display system design and preparation of database applications at the point of a Geographic Information System-based management with a view layer uses HTML popup form ususlan placement of the sign is accident-prone locations.
Figure
8.
Presentation of the Proposed Placement Display Signs
CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis and
discussion that has been done it could be concluded as follows:
a.
Based on analysis of accident-prone location
determination is known that the point of the accident-prone locations on roads
Sragen is at 2,716 km near Harmony, at km 3.508 next intersection Post Offices
and at km 4.327 near Bank BNI.
b.
With the compilation of the database
point of the accident-prone locations can facilitate updating the data, process
and analyze the data so that it helps the policy holder to take steps to
dealing with the point of the accident-prone locations.
c.
After the identification of the point of
the accident-prone locations that were examined, the handling can be done is to
equip facilities road equipment includes street lighting (PJU), intersection
warning signs, speed limit signs and signs for restrictions to stop.
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